Xenia Khachatryants was born in 1938 in Rostov-on-Don in the family of construction engineer Iryna Khachatrants. During the Second World War, the family was evacuated to the Altai region, where Iryna Khachatrants worked as construction engineer and city architect in Rubtsovsk. In 1947, Xenia Khachatrants moved to Minsk with her mother and grandmother. In 1961, she graduated Belarusian Polytechnic Institute in architecture.

Upon graduation, Khachatrans worked at Argtekhbud institute. In 1964, she returned to Belarusian Polytechnic Institute as doctoral student, assistant, and pedagogue. In 1968, she defended doctoral dissertation and became a full-time faculty member at the institute. Between 1971 and 1983 she was deputy dean for science and research at the Department of Architecture. Since 2001, she was the professor of urban planning.

Khachatrans’s research focused on architectural theory and social aspects of architecture. Her books include Foundations of Social Typology of Dwelling (1983), and Social Foundations of Architectural Design (1990).